The vertical distribution of temperature, pressure, density, and composition of the atmosphere constitutes atmospheric structure. Hydrosphere structure and its relationship to the global. This article considers the gases constituting earths atmosphere and the vertical structure of the atmosphere to roughly 1,000km altitude. Show temperature layers figure from lecture summary page. Atmosphere our planet earth is enveloped by a deep blanket of gases extending several thousands of kilometres above its surface. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere. Pressure and density decrease exponentially with altitude in the atmosphere.
The early atmosphere of the earth is very different from the. A comparison of the atmospheres of jupiter and saturn. Main gases of the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Compared to the earths radius, the atmosphere appears to be only a very thin layer of gases. The observed temperature distribution is compared to the radiative equilibrium pro. Atmosphere is a multilayered envelope of different gases just like a protective blanket surrounding the earth which holds up life on earth and saves it from harmful environment of outer space. Jinyi yu vertical structure of composition 80km up to 500km heterosphere homosphere dominated by lighter gases with increasing. Like land lithosphere and water hydrosphere, the atmosphere is an integral part of the earth. Vertical structure, origin, and composition of the atmosphere. The earths atmosphere was an extraordinary and unstable mixture of gases, yet i knew that it was constant in composition over quite long periods of time. The early atmosphere of the earth is very different from the atmosphere today. The vertical structure of atmosphere is very much related to radiant energy absorption and this can be described. Compare the composition, properties and structure of earths atmosphere to include mixture of gases and.
The density of the atmosphere decreases outward, because the planets gravitational attraction, which pulls the gases and aerosols inward, is greatest close to the surface. The vertical profile of the atmosphere in height, pressure and temperature. The gas molecules in this reservoir are continuously exchanged because of the interaction of different sources and sinks. The atmosphere is made up of different gases, water vapour and dust particles.
Results show a strong systematic influence of the vertical structure of the atmosphere on geographical and seasonal variations of both precipitable water and greenhouse effect. Composition of the air nitrogen 78% oxygen 21% other gases 1% greenhouse gases. The estimated weight of the atmosphere is about five quadrillion metric tons. Earth s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0. Chapter 1 composition and structure of the atmosphere. Vertical structure of the atmosphere temperature n the atmosphere is commonly divided into vertical layers based on the change in air temperature with altitude. Released to the atmosphere through fossilfuel activities, livestock digestion, and agriculture cultivation esp. Vertical structure of the atmosphere layers in the atmosphere density chemical composition electrical characteristics temperature atmo 0 characterizing with chemical composition homosphere region within 80 km of the earths surface where there is chemical homogeneity. Structure of the atmosphere north carolina climate office. This gaseous cover of the earth is known as the atmosphere. The thickness of the atmosphere is only about 2% of earths thickness earths radius 6500km.
They are generally around zonal planetary wavenumber 6 scale and have a deep, nearly equivalent barotropic structure up to 100 mbar. Weather lab 1 vertical structure of atmosphere youtube. This is because the atmosphere becomes less dense as altitude increases, although its composition remains the. Horizontal and vertical structure of observed tropospheric. Nitrogen and oxygen are the two main gases in the atmosphere and 99 percentage of the. All of these trace gases have important effects on earth s climate. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere 1. Breathe in and you can appreciate that the earths atmosphere has everything needed to support life on earth. Composition of the atmosphere annual increases in atmospheric methane. Lets take a look at the composition of the earths atmosphere.
Composition and structure of the atmosphere composition evolution vertical structure. Could it be that life on earth not only made the atmosphere, but also regulated it keeping it at a constant composition, and at a. Summarize the structure and composition of our atmosphere. Weather and climate the structure of the atmosphere surrounding the earth is a gaseous envelope or atmosphere, held in place by the planets gravitational attraction.
This chapter highlights vertical structure of an atmosphere. Composition and structure of atmosphere civilspro ias. Earth system composition and structure of the atmosphere zaitseva nina. For the most part, this is where most of the aspects of the atmosphere that affect us on a daily. Atmosphere, the gas and aerosol envelope that extends from the ocean, land, and icecovered surface of a planet outward into space. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss phenomena in the atmosphere and the various techniques used to study them is very wide. The earths atmosphere is a complex dynamical, physical, and chemical system. The average vertical structure of temperature, density, and pressure in earths atmosphere described below is often called the static structure as it does not. Download citation vertical structure of the atmosphere the variation of temperature with altitude is the basis for defining a. The simplest conceivable atmosphere is gravitationally bound and therefore in hydrostatic equilibrium and spherically symmetric. Start studying vertical structure, origin, and composition of the atmosphere. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss phenomena in the atmosphere and the.
The atmosphere is the blanket of air that surrounds the earth. Terms in this set 31 explain the composition of the atmosphere. Chapter 3 the vertical structure of the atmosphere in this chapter we discuss the observed vertical distribution of temperature, water vapor and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Structure and composition of the lower and middle atmosphere.
Composition, structure, and temperature learning objectives. These gases are extremely important to the health of the earths biosphere. Jinyi yu thickness of the atmosphere most of the atmospheric mass is confined in the lowest 100 km above the sea level. Mod01 lec04 vertical structure of atmosphere contd. Dynamic processes cover a large range of scales from the microscopicscale. Composition of the earths atmosphere universe today. Explain the difference between weather and climate.
Atmosphere composition and structure notes the domain of air on the earth geography 9 atmosphere composition and structure earth is a unique planet because the life is found only on this planet. The vertical distribution of pressure, temperature, and density in a static, spherical atmosphere with a specified composition are largely governed by three. Icse solutions for class 7 geography voyage composition and structure of the atmosphere icse solutions selina icse solutions ml aggarwal solutions provides step by step solutions for icse solutions for class 7 geography voyage. Methane works as a very effective absorber of terrestrial radiation and plays an active role in nearsurface warming. I hydrosphere structure and its relationship to the global hydrological cycle v. Vertical structure of the atmosphere we will examine how air temperature, number density, and pressure change in the vertical, i. Over ocean, in middle and high latitudes, the seasonal variation of the mean temperature lapse rate in the troposphere leads to large seasonal phase lags between.
Composition and structure of the atmosphere composition evolution vertical structure ess5 prof. The air has a special place among the conditions necessary for life. List the most important elements of weather and climate. Environment and its components explained with diagram. Influence of the vertical structure of the atmosphere on. Vertical structure of the atmosphere part 1 principle. The atmosphere of earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet earth and is retained by earths gravity. The atmosphere is a mixture of different types of gases. This leads to buoyancy effects in the atmosphere when parcels of air are heated or cooled, or raised or lowered in the atmosphere. Chapter 1 vertical structure of an atmosphere sciencedirect.
The vertical changes in temperature are important in constraining weather events to the lowest 1012 km of the atmosphere. The starting point for your mission is the troposphere, the lowest level of earths atmosphere. Gg 140 lecture 4 vertical structure of the atmosphere. Vuglinsky encyclopedia of life support systems eolss and swamps, soil moisture and water vapor in the atmosphere. Julian oscillation and mixed rossby gravity waves, which generally have a first baroclinic mode vertical structure.
Atmospheric composition and vertical structure citeseerx. Read this essay to learn about atmosphere, composition of atmosphere and energy balance in atmosphere. Nitrogen and oxygen are the main components of the atmosphere by volume. Structure and composition of the earths atmosphere. In the real atmosphere, the actual vertical temperature structure depends on air masses with specific properties of temperature and humidity being blown into the area as well as effects of daytime heating. The changes in the atmosphere with height are results of specific physical conditions which exist on the earth and in its atmosphere. Vertical structure of the atmospherevertical structure of the atmosphere the atmosphere is dividedthe atmosphere is divided intointo fourfour isothermal layers orisothermal layers or spheres. The atmosphere composition and structure the atmosphere 1 16. Light as electromagnetic radiation lecture question. We present our current understanding of the composition, vertical mixing, cloud structure and the origin of the atmospheres of jupiter and saturn.
1210 936 636 938 345 499 1391 757 1027 1338 515 907 1527 1102 1586 411 260 1530 146 809 1563 979 752 1397 960 251 634 1544 474 464 1354 250 485 1637 234 1544 1297 1244 1370 1454 778 139 1177 1149